Title: Hypothermia
題目：低溫的急救
Author 作者：Michael Bond
Lidocaine is generally ineffective in preventing ventricular arrhythmias, as is cardiac pacing or atropine to increase the heart rate.
利多卡因一般在預防室性心律失常是無效的，就像心臟起搏或阿托品對心率增加沒有幫助一樣。
Should the patient fully arrest be prepared to perform CPR for a long time.  If your ED does not have a automatic CPR device consider calling your local fire department or ambulance service as they might have one that can be loaned to your department.
如果病人處于心臟驟停，要準備進行長時間的心肺按壓。如果你科沒有自動心肺復蘇設備，考慮向你當地的消防隊或救護車服務公司求助，因為他們可能會有一個可以租借到你科。
Warm fluids, heated blankets and heat lamps will typically increase a patients temperature about 1' C an hour.
溫暖的液體，電熱毯和熱燈，通常會使患者溫度每小時增加約1°C左右 。
Gastric lavage, peritoneal lavage and heated IV fluids can warm as much as 3' an hour.
洗胃，腹腔灌洗和加熱的靜脈液體可以使患者溫度每小時增加約3°C左右。
To rewarm quickly as high as 18'C an hour requires cardiac bypass or thoracic lavage.
要以每小時18℃的速度復溫，需要體外循環或胸腔灌洗。
Finally, remember to monitor the patient closely when you first start rewarming as this can induce cardiac arrest.  This is thought to occur as colder peripherial blood returns to the central circulation as peripherial veins and arteries dilated from the warm fluid.
最后，記得要密切監測病人，因當病人開始復溫時，可誘發心臟驟停。這被認為是由于由外周靜脈和動脈因溫暖液體而擴張所造成的更冷的外周血返回到中央循環所致。