應該知道關于猴痘的什么
文章來源： 美國CDC網站 發布日期：2003-06-27

What is monkeypox? Monkeypox is a rare viral disease that occurs mostly in central and western Africa. It is called “monkeypox” because it was first found in 1958 in laboratory monkeys. Blood tests of animals in Africa later found that other types of animals probably had monkeypox. Scientists also recovered the virus that causes monkeypox from an African squirrel. These types of squirrels might be the common host for the disease. Rats, mice, and rabbits can get monkeypox, too. Monkeypox was reported in humans for the first time in 1970. 什么是猴痘？ 猴痘是一種罕見的病毒疾病，大多發生在中部和西部非洲。被稱作“猴痘”是因為1958年第一次在實驗室猴子身上發現它。對非洲動物的血液測試發現其他種類的動物可能有猴痘。科學家也從一種非洲松鼠身上發現導致猴痘的病毒。這些類型的松鼠可能是這種疾病的共同宿主。田鼠、老鼠和野兔也能攜帶猴痘。1970年首次報道在人類發現猴痘。 Is there monkeypox in the United States? In early June 2003, monkeypox was reported among several people in the United States. Most of these people got sick after having contact with pet prairie dogs that were sick with monkeypox. This is the first time that there has been an outbreak of monkeypox in the United States. 在美國有猴痘嗎？ 2003年六月初，在美國有數人被報道患有猴痘。這些人大多數在接觸患有猴痘的草原寵物狗后發病。這是第一次在美國發生猴痘。 What causes monkeypox? The disease is caused by Monkeypox virus. It belongs to a group of viruses that includes the smallpox virus (variola), the virus used in the smallpox vaccine (vaccinia), and the cowpox virus. 什么造成猴痘？ 這種疾病由猴痘病毒造成。它屬于一個包括天花病毒、在天花疫苗中采用的病毒和牛痘病毒的病毒組。 What are the signs and symptoms of monkeypox? In humans, the signs and symptoms of monkeypox are like those of smallpox, but usually they are milder. Another difference is that monkeypox causes the lymph nodes to swell. About 12 days after people are infected with the virus, they will get a fever, headache, muscle aches, and backache; their lymph nodes will swell; and they will feel tired. One to 3 days (or longer) after the fever starts, they will get a rash. This rash develops into raised bumps filled with fluid and often starts on the face and spreads, but it can start on other parts of the body too. The bumps go through several stages before they get crusty, scab over, and fall off. The illness usually lasts for 2 to 4 weeks. 猴痘的表現和癥狀是什么？ 在人類身上，猴痘的表現和癥狀類似天花，但通常較輕。另一個區別是猴痘使淋巴結腫大。人感染病毒約12天后出現發燒、頭痛、肌肉痛和背痛；淋巴結腫大；病人感到疲乏。在發燒開始的1-3天（或更長）后，出現皮疹。這些皮疹發展成為充滿液體的凸起小腫塊，通常開始于臉部并蔓延，但也能在身體的其他部位開始。小腫塊經過幾個階段直到它們變硬，結痂和脫落。病情經常持續2-4周。 Can you die from monkeypox? In Africa, monkeypox has killed between 1 percent and 10 percent of people who get it. However, this risk would probably be lower in the United States, where nutrition and access to medical care are better. 得了猴痘會死嗎？ 在非洲，猴痘已殺死1％-10%得了這種病的人。然而，這種風險在美國可能會低些，在美國營養和獲得醫療護理都要好些。 How do you catch monkeypox? People can get monkeypox from an animal with monkeypox if they are bitten or if they touch the animal’s blood, body fluids, or its rash. The disease also can spread from person to person through large respiratory droplets during long periods of face-to-face contact or by touching body fluids of a sick person or objects such as bedding or clothing contaminated with the virus. 怎樣會得猴痘？ 如果人被有猴痘的動物咬傷或接觸這些動物的血液、體液或皮疹都會患猴痘。這種病也能在人與人之間傳播，如通過長時間面對面接觸時的呼吸飛沫，或接觸病人體液或被病毒污染的床單或衣物等物品。 How do you treat monkeypox? There is no specific treatment for monkeypox. In Africa, people who got the smallpox vaccine in the past had a lower risk of monkeypox. CDC has sent out explaining when smallpox vaccine should be used to protect against monkeypox. For example, people taking care of someone infected with monkeypox should think about getting vaccinated. Contact your state or local health department for more information. 怎樣治療猴痘？ 對猴痘沒有專門的治療手段。在非洲，以前得過猴痘的人患猴痘的風險較低。CDC已發布解釋何時天花疫苗應被用于預防猴痘的指導原則。例如，感染猴痘的照料者應考慮進行預防接種。更多信息請聯系你所在的州或地方醫療部門。